Essential Rights – Sheikh Mohammad Saleh Al'Othaimeen - Rahima-hullaah

[Umm Mohammad]

The Rights of the Governors and the People

Governors or rulers are all those who are responsible for any organization in the government , regardless of its size or importance, Any person who is in charged with certain affairs in an Islamic state is considered a responsible for his authority and must maintain an excellent , honest and smooth operation thereof. People who work with such an authorized person are entitled to certain rights that must be maintained, honored and never overlooked

The essential rights of people upon their governors are the assurance of their active role in fulfilling all positive aspects of their entrusted responsibility. They must demonstrated loyalty to their people, sincere advice, honest judgment and proper guidance following the straight path of the prophet, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam, and his rightly guided companions who led the Muslim Amah to great success and victory. In fact, this path fulfill both worldly pleasure and sound relationship with the Lord, Almighty that guarantees a sound position in the hereafter. Rulers must strive to follow the straight Path of the believers assuring happiness in both worlds and the pleasure of the people as well. This Path also assures the obedience of the people to their rulers, the fulfillment of their commands and directions and the protections of their trust. It is indeed a general rule that he who fears the Lords, Allah, the Almighty, the people will like him and fear him as well. It is also a general rule that he who attempt to please Allah, the Almighty will be able to please his people, as the hearts of all people are in the Hands of Allah, the Almighty, and He, the Almighty steers the way He, the Almighty likes

As for the rights of the governors upon the people, the governors must offer them the best possible advice in their general and private affairs. They must remind them to do their best in everything they do. They must pray Allah, the Almighty, to keep them on the straight path if the governors deviated from this path. They must obey their commands as long as these commands do not conflict with the teachings of Islam and the commands of Allah, the Almighty, and His prophet, in particular. If the governed people elected to disobey the commands of their governors / leaders, great chaos and a state of confusion and disorder may spread within the society. Therefore, for this very reason, Allah, the Almighty, required the general public to obey the commands and instructions of their leaders. Allah, the Almighty stated in the glorious Quran

“O ye who believe! Obey God, and obey the Apostle, and those charged with authority among you”. 4:59

Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam is reported to have said: ”A Muslim individual must listen and obey the commands (of the governors / leader) regardless if he/ she liked or disliked such a command as long as the commands does not conflict with the clear verse of the glorious Quran or an authentic statements of the Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam, then he/she does not have to listen or obey such an order or command from his leaders.” This Hadith is reported by both Bukhari and Muslim

Abdullah bin Omar, Radhi Allahu Anhu reported also that: “Once we were traveling along with Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam. At one point during the journey, we dismounted our animals for rest. A man who was delegated by Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam announced the call fro the congregational prayer. We gathered around Allah’s Apostle , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam who said: “ There was never a Prophet of Allah , the Almighty , who was commissioned as a Prophet and Messenger of Allah, the Almighty, except that it was made obligatory unto him to guide his nation to the best matters he was taught and warn them of the worst matters that he was aware, Your nation is cured from such diseases in the first generation of early Muslim . However, later generation will be afflicted with many problems no matter that you know not. A believer then said: “This affliction will wipe me out.” Afflictions however come one after the other. Another believer will say: “May-be this affliction will wipe me out.” He whosever likes to be removed from the fire and enter the paradise of Allah, the Almighty , let him face His lord in a state of full faith complete belief in the Day of Judgment .Let such a believer do to others what he likes others to do unto him. If a believer commits him self to a leader, offering him his pledge of allegiance, and the fruit of his heart (belief in him), let him obey such governor / leader. If such a governor threatened by removed from authority by force, let such a remover be beheaded (by you committed believers who gave their pledge of allegiance to the existing governor.” This Hadith is reported by Muslim

In another hadith, a man asked Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam: “O prophet of Allah! What if we were governed by leaders who demand their rights (obedience, respect, loyalty) but deny our rights (freedom of worship, speech, voting, education?) what do you command us to do in such a case? Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam turned away from the man and did not give him an answer. The same man persisted and again asked the same question .Upon that, Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said: “Listen ( to your leaders) and obey them . They will be responsible for what you do.” This hadith is reported by Muslim

The general public must assist their governors in achieving their missions and fulfilling their tasks and duties. Each and every citizen must know the importance of his role in the society, and consequently in the government in general. If individuals fail to realize their duties and responsibilities, the situation will turn into chaos and confusion again. Similarly, if the governors are not properly assisted by their constituents, confusion within the society will increase

It is only natural to have the commitment of the people and public for the administration to lead a decent government. Islam requires the full support of the general public for the governor. We can vividly see this in the various text of the glorious Quran and the Sunah practices and statements of Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam

This proves that Islam agrees with the intelligent rules of nature, as nature is created, governed, ruled and organized by the same Creator Who created man and knows what benefits man and what harms him. Islam is the religion of the pure, innate nature that helps man leads a very stable, clean, organized and intelligent life

[Umm Mohammad]

The Right of Neighbor

A neighbor is a relatively close individual, at least in the location. A neighbor enjoys a tremendous right in Islam. Islam places neighbors into three categories

1- A neighbor who enjoys three rights
a) The rights of a neighbor
b) The right of a relative, if he / she are related
c) The rights of Islam, if that person is a Muslim, a brother in faith and belief

2- A neighbor who enjoys two rights:
a) The rights of a neighbor,
b) The rights of Islam, if that person is a Muslim, a brother in faith and belief.

3- A neighbor who enjoys one right:
a) The rights of a neighbor.

All neighbors fall under one of these three categories. In fact, Allah, the Almighty stated in the glorious Quran

“ Serve God, and join not any partners with Him; and do good to parents, kinfolks, orphans, those in need, neighbors who are near , neighbors who are strangers , the companion by your side, the wayfarer ( ye meet) , and what your right hands possess.”4:36

Moreover , Allah’s Apostle , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam says “ (Arch Angel) Gabriel , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam, pressed on reminding me with the right of the neighbor until I thought he is going to consider him an heir - of mine) This Hadith is reported by both Bukhari and Muslim

A neighbor is entitled to best treatment and respect from his own neighbor regardless of the cost of such items. Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam stated in another Hadith: “The best of neighbor s in the sight of Allah, the Almighty, is the one who is best to his neighbor” This Hadith is reported by Tirmithee

Let us examine other Hadith : “ He whosever believes in Allah’s Apostle , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam and the final Day of Judgment must be good to his neighbor.” This Hadith is reported by Muslim. Of course, this hadith is self-explanatory as it ties in good faith and strong belief with the state of being good to one’s own neighbors. This is an act of high consideration to the social ties in society as the neighborhood represents an essential nucleus or part of the society at large. Islam does not neglect such important rights of immediate neighbors who at, at times becomes closer than relatives or the distant family members. One may see his neighbors more than he sees his family members. In terms of pressing needs and things that require prompts attention and immediate help, assistance or solutions, a distant relative or far away family member would be helpless and may be useless. A neighbor is close and comes immediately to the rescue of his needy neighbor would be of tremendous help and value. This is one of the reasons why Islam capitalizes on the ties and relationship of neighbors

Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said:” if you make soup, increase the broth, and pass a bowl to your neighbor.” This Hadith is reported by Muslim. This Hadith shows the importance of good relations with our neighbors, and at the same time strengthen ties and relations with neighbors

A little occasional gift, a small symbolic present, on various occasions will also strengthen ties and relationships between neighbors. Islam urges believers to be kind, generous to their own neighbors

One of the essential rights of a neighbor is to cause no physical, mental or spiritual harm to him. Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said: “By Allah, one will not become a full believer, by Allah, one will nor become!” the companions, Radhi Allahu Anhuma said: “Who is that. O Prophet of Allah”? He, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said “He whose neighbor cannot feel save of his ill deeds and bad actions.” This Hadith is reported by Muslim

This Hadith reflects the importance of being good, kind, nice and caring for your neighbors at large. Such an act enables man to assure himself of being on the right track for paradise; otherwise, one will be subjecting his soul to torture in Hellfire

It is very unfortunate to notice nowadays that many neighbors do not really care for the welfare and the well being of their neighbors neither physically, mentally or spiritually. They may be at constant fight, harassment, disturbance and nag to them. They might step on their own natural rights as humans and society members. They might neglect them, bother them and not offer them the least human courtesy

Islam urges its followers to maintain such an essential rights of a neighbor, encourages and maintain it, reward it, threatens with a serve punishment for trespassing and makes it a viable, vital and extremely important right

The best social system on the Earth, the most exhaustive and comprehensive rules and regulations and the strictest political system cannot reach the level of Islam in this regard for the simplest fact that Islam is set forth for human society at large by the Creator of all mankind, Who Knows best what benefits man or harms him. That is the law of innate nature that Allah, the Almighty, created man for

[Umm Mohammad]

The Right of the Muslim

The rights of the Muslims are many, varied, diversified and vital in accordance with the teachings of Islam. Many of these rights are documented as sound, accurate and authentically reported from Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam. The general rights are for the welfare and well being of Muslims at large. They are instituted for a better society, much improved social relations, stronger ties and better citizenship in all

It is soundly and authentically reported of Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam: “There are six general rights of a Muslim individual upon his Muslim brethren. They are

a) Greet him when you see him

b) Respond, accept and fulfill his invitation

c) Offer him the best advice you have, if sought

d) Say” Yarhakmoka Allah” (May Allah, the Almighty be merciful to you) if one sneezes before you

e) Pay him a visit if he gets ill, and

f) Follow his funeral to his final place of rest (burial)

The aforementioned Hadith illustrated six (6) general and vital rights of a Muslim upon his general common Muslim brethren. Greetings, for instance, is one of the most important social issues for a better society. According to Islam, greeting is an emphasized practice of the prophet, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam which every one is urged, encouraged and rewarded if fulfilled. This demonstrates how Islam, as a way of life, coincides with the natural human innate nature of man. It increases ties between people. It strengthens love, respect and appreciations of one another. It assures that people are not enemies and do not deserve to be treated as such. It creates a general atmosphere of peace, trust and tranquility amongst people. It removes hatred, mistrust and fears of one another from the hearts, minds and lives of people. It makes people feel that they have a special, true sense of belonging to one another, unlike other selfish, individualized and narrow -minded people in society

It is reported of Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam: “By Allah, the Almighty, you (all) will not enter Jannah until you become true believers. And you will not become true believers until you like each other. Should I tell about something, if you apply in your life, you will love one another?! Spread the proper, meaningful and truthful greetings amongst each other.” This hadith was reported by Muslim

Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam himself used to offer the greetings first to whomever he met on the road, in the mosque or else where. He, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam even offered the greeting to the children playing in the streets whenever passing by

It is also reported of Allah's Apostle, Sallalaahu Alaihi wa Sallam however, that the younger should offer the greetings to the old, the few to the many, the riding person to the sitting one. However, if such a person did not fully abide by the practices of the prophet, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam, the other party should offer the greeting instead, so Sunah of the prophet, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam is not neglected or not respected

‘Ammar bin Yasser, Radhi Allahu Anhu said: “It should maintain three things that will assure complete faith in Allah, the Almighty, namely: (1) Justify others and give them what they are entitled, even though it may be against one’s soul. (2) Offer greetings to all people, those whom you know and those whom you don not know, and (3) Be generous to others even if you sure poor”. This statement reported by Bukhari

We should also remember that offering the greetings to the others is an act of Sunnah (voluntary act) whereby performing the act will be rewarded, but not performing the act will not be punished. However, to return a similar greeting to the person offering the greetings is an obligatory act to the person in accordance to Islam. It suffices, however, that one or a few in a large group returns the greetings to them. There is no harm if done this way Allah’ the Almighty stated in the glorious Quran

“When a (courteous) greetings offered you, meet it with a greeting still more courteous or (at least) of equal courtesy. God takes careful account of all things.” 4:86

There are, however some incorrect, inaccurate, and inappropriate practices in terms of returning the Muslims courteous greeting and responding to it. For instants, one must not use a common phrase such as “Welcome” Ahlan Wasahlan! Marabhaba “in response to the Islamic greetings of “As-Salamu ‘Alaikum Wa Rahamatul-Lahi Wa Barakatuh. The returned greeting should be similar, or better, than the one offered it in terms of prayer and supplication

B) Respond, accept and fulfill an invitation

One would not, normally, invite another person to his home, meal , food and so on , unless he really cares for him and likes his company , unless otherwise there are some hidden unforeseen reasons for so doing, which exceptional

Accepting an honest invitation is an emphasized act of Sunnah. It satisfies the person who invites, it strengthen social ties between Muslim individuals, families, friends and groups and, all in all, improves ties amongst people at large. The exception to this rule is the marriage or wedding party dinner which is confirmed only in certain conditions were fulfilled , for example , the invitation must be given properly and in due time to enable the invitee to plan his agenda to attend the ample time should be given to fit that invitation in the invitee’s schedule . The inviter must be committed to Islamic faith, rules and regulations and customs. The inviter must not be a type whose company should be neglected in the first place due to indecent acts, illegal practices or unlawful acts he maintains. For example, if one if known to be a drinking person, fornicator, adultery, gambler, not a straight person, or in general, condones any immoral and unethical practices in his life, he must be avoided Also, the inviter must be known to earn a lawful income and finally the party must not condone, promote or offer any illegal or unlawful items or acts. For instance, if one is invited to a party where he knows music will be played , a mixed gathering of men and women will be condoned , drinks will be offered openly must be avoided. In an Islamic setting, and if things of that sort are practiced openly or even condoned, then the invitation in such a case is not compulsory

The fulfillment of a Muslim pure, honest and sincere invitation is based on the statement of Allah’s apostle , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam : “ He , whosever does not fulfill such invitation will be committing an act of disobedience to the commands of Allah, the Almighty , and Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam”. This Hadith is reported by both Bukhari and Muslim

The fulfillment of the invitation also is extended if a Muslim asked for help, assistance or aid in any form, shape or fashion, and the invitee is capable of extending the helping hand m they must not hesitate to do so. Believers must exhibit loving, caring, courteous, sharing and strong ties amongst themselves. Islam requires such attitude from all committed believing individuals who attempt practice true and sound Islamic practices in an attempt to emulate the beloved prophet, Mohammed, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam who said: “A believer to another is like the bricks of a building. One strengthens and strongly holds the other tightly and firmly in place.” This Hadith is reported by both Bukhari and Muslim

C) Offer the best advice you have, if sought

It is crucial to offer a person who asks your honest opinion and advice, to offer the best advice you know or you can think of in his favor. This is an act of pure faith. A Muslim is obliged to offer the best advice to all those who seek advice. Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said: The religion ( in great part) is but a true sincere , ethical , pure and honest advice to Allah’s Apostle , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam, the Book of Allah , the Prophet of Allah , the Almighty , and to the general Muslim leaders , rulers and governors.” This Hadith is reported by Muslim

As for the Muslim person who does not seek your advice, but you notice that he might be harming himself in whatever he is doing, then it becomes your essential and obligatory duty to offer him suitable advice even if he did not ask for it. This act of a true committed Muslim is a reflection of his care for the welfare of Muslim in general, as well as. Reflects exhibits and demonstrated his social awareness, commitment and concern for a better society and social ties

D) Say:” Yarhamoka Allah” if one sneezes before you

If a Muslim sneezes before another Muslim, and praised Allah, the Almighty, to keep him alive, remove his harm and cure him from all his ailments, and then such a Muslim is entitled for a supplication. The Muslim who hears such the praise to Allah, the Almighty, must repeat the statement: “Yarhamukum Allah” (May Allah, the Almighty is merciful to you)” such statement of supplication must be offered to the person if he sneezed one, twice or three times in arrow. If such a person sneezes a fourth time, then it is an indication that they might be contracting a bad cold, allergy or something of that nature. Thus, the person who hears this and the praising of Allah, the Almighty must tell him: ‘ Afakum Allah ( May Allah , the Almighty , cure you

But, if the person sneezing does not audibly praise Allah, the Almighty , then they may not be entitled for such application , as he is not deserving of the mercy of Allah , the Almighty, because he did not praise Him in the first place

Offering this supplication phrase to a sneezing Muslim is , in fact an obligatory act upon Muslim individuals who hears the praise. On the other hand , the person sneezing must respond with an even nicer supplication as follows : “ Yahdeekum Allah, wa Yuslihu Balakum ( May Allah , the Almighty, guide you to the best deeds and acts , and give you the peace of mind and heart

In realty, such an act will increase concern amongst Muslim Individuals , and consequently, increase love and affection. It is interesting to see that some westerners, as well , agree with Muslims on this item. We often hear them saying to a person who has sneezed: “ Bless you,” seeking the blessing or may be cure for such an individual . This is one coincidence showing human nature is the same regardless of religious adherence and commitments. This is however, must be supported with real practice for the entire religion , as Islam is a wholesome religion that is practices in totality , not in a separate matters in life only

Muslim concern for the welfare and well-being of each other is ideal , for those who really commit themselves to true , sound and authentic Islamic practices

E) Pay a visit if he gets ill

A Muslim must visit an ill Muslim. The stronger the ties with an ill person, such as to be a close friend , a relative , a neighbor, am associate, a work colleague or even an acquaintance , the more such a visit is emphasized. An ill person will see that he is not left alone during this time of difficulty , pain and affliction. Moreover, a visitor ‘s faith grows stronger and deeper in Allah, the Almighty , who is the Only One Who is capable of causing illness, and capable of granting a cure. A healthy Muslim who pays a visit to an ill person shall feel the bounty of Allah, the Almighty. He will share some of the pain , lonesomeness and discomfort of the ill person. On the other hand , the visitor may offer the ill person some prayers, supplications , encouragement , moral support and good wishes for speedy recovery , things that an ill person really needs. This shows how Islam deals with real life issues. Diseases are not a curse upon man. They are only reminder with the power of the Almighty , they are times that make the individual closer to His Lord through the serve and painful tests undertaken in this stage of life

Visiting an ill person must relative to the patient’s situation. It should not be a burden and bother to the patient. It should vary in length , conversation and gifts in accordance to situation of the patient himself. It might be better fro the patient to have fewer visitors at one point or an other of his state of illness. The patient nay be required not to talk and socialize , or might be restricted from certain food items. All these cases must be observed by the visitors and instructions of treating physician must not be disrespected or violated regardless of the closeness to the patient

A Muslim who visits another Muslim ill person should briefly ask about the feelings of the ill person, offer him a prayer, supplication and good wishes, offer him some encouraging statements increasing the hope of the patient in speedy , full and permanent recovery , reminding him with the wonderful abilities of the Lord, the Almighty to cure the worst cases of diseases. This , in fact , gives the ill person a strong moral and spiritual push for speedy recovery. Negative remarks , particularly about death , should be avoided while visiting an ill person. A Muslim visitor must remind the ill person to maintain contact with Allah , the Almighty , during his stage of illness, as one is closer to His Lord while confined to bed, room or hospital. Therefore , it much recommended that such a person maintain intense , continuous and constant supplication and prayers during the illness

F) Follow his funeral to his final place (burial

Upon death of a Muslim , Muslims are urged , required and encouraged to follow the funeral of the deceased person. This act will rewarded by Allah, the Almighty. It is well-documented that Allah’s Apostle , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said :” He whosoever follow a funeral of a deceased Muslim until funeral prayer is offered unto it will be entitled for one “QUERAT” (Fold) of reward. And if one follows the funeral parade until it reaches its final destiny , to the grave yard where a deceased will buried , then such a person is entitled for two “QUERATS” ( Two folds).” When the prophet ,Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam was asked about the value of the querat , he said : “ It is like the size of a great mountain.” This Hadith is reported by both Bukhari and Muslim

An additional or seventh right to be observed is the avoidance of causing harm to others

It is an essential right of Muslims unto each other to stop any harm caused to him. Truly, harming other Muslims in any way , shape , form or fashion is a great sin that is punishable by Allah, the Almighty. Allah , the Almighty stated in the glorious Quran

“ And those who annoy believing men and women undeservedly , bear (on themselves) a calamity and a glaring sin.” 33:58

It is generally noted that people who attack Muslim and annoy them for no real reason will be punished in this world before the hereafter. Allah’s Apostle , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said: “ (O Muslims!) Do not hate each other . Do not split a part from each other. Let you all be like brethren. A Muslim individual is brother for his Muslim brethren . One must not oppress him , harass him, cause any harm to him, leave him alone in case of need or discern him. It suffices Muslim of evil acts to discern his fellow Muslim. Every thing a Muslim has, possesses or owns is unlawful for another Muslim to take away , strip or overtake by force or unlawful means from the owner, let this be blood, wealth or his clean reputation.” This Hadith is reported by Muslim

In fact, there are many other rights of a Muslim upon his Muslim brethren. These rights are being easily summed up with the statement of Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam: “The Muslim is a brethren to another Muslim.”One must seek all good and noble acts, deeds, attitude and behavior to be good, protective, considerate and kind to his Muslim brother. This is a thing that coincides with human nature, improves the of an individual, strengthen social, economical and humanitarians ties amongst people and makes a Muslim individual a better citizen all in all

[Umm Mohammad]

The Rights of Non-Muslims

Non-Muslim is a broad term that covers all those who are disbelievers in the faith and principles of Islam. These People are classified into four categories as follows

a) Warriors

b) Peace seekers

c) Peace truce holders

d) Non-Muslims living or residing in an Islamic governed country


In the following passages we shall attempts to give a brief account of each one of the above category


A) Warriors: This group is at constant war against Islam, in particular, and against all Muslims, regardless of creed, colour, geographical location, social status or other criteria


B) Peace Seekers: This group is entitled for Muslim Protection in accordance with the time and place specified and agreed upon by both parties for instance, peace seekers

Non-Muslim and peace grantors (governing Muslims). This is the based upon the statement from the glorious Quran

If one amongst the pagans ask thee asylum, grant it to him, so that he may hear the world of God; and then escort him to where he can be secure. That is because they are men without knowledge. 9:6

C) Peace Truce holders: Muslims must fulfil peace treaties made with this group of people in accordance with the terms and conditions of the treaties as long as these people did not breach their contract and did something contrary to the terms and conditions agreed upon both parties, did not assist a third party against Muslims, did not criticize the religion of Islam openly, or did any thing that make them loose their entitlement for the peace treaty with Muslims. This is, of course, is based on the statement of Allah, the Almighty, in the glorious Quran

But the treaties are) not dissolved with those pagans with whom ye have entered into alliance and who not subsequently failed in aught, nor aided any one against you. So fulfilled your engagements with them to the end of their term: for God loveth the righteous.” 9:4

Also the statement of Allah, the Almighty, in the glorious Quran

But if they oaths after covenant, and taunt you for your faith, fight ye the chiefs of Unfaith: For their oaths are nothing to them: That thus they may be restrained.” 9:21

D) Non-Muslims living, or residing in an Islamic governed country: This group has and enjoys the utmost rights upon Muslims. They are also required to practice certain things which dictated by Muslims righted unto them as well. In the first place, this group physically resides in as Islamic governed country and enjoy the protection, services all other things that Muslims themselves enjoy from Islamic government such as schooling, health care, road system, housing and all other major or minor services that Islamic government avails for its people. In fact this group enjoys all of the above due to the fact that they pay a special protection and services tax called “ JIZEH” or “ head tax” which is a tax imposed on Non-Muslim residing in Islamic country for this very purpose. This group, however, do not participate in fight or military operation operations if the protecting Islamic country has been threatened and a war is waged against its territories


Muslims governors must be fair and just to his group, in particular, and pass all judgments and sentences upon them on the basis of the true, accurate and precise Islamic jurisdictions in finance, economics, political or educational undertakings, and all other matters. A Muslim governor must establish capital or corporal punishment upon this group of people in accordance with the principles of their religious or divine laws. They should also enjoy every protection that is naturally extended to the Muslim citizens residing in the same country


Theoretically, and as it was practiced in the early Islamic generations, such group must be distinguished from Muslim by specific code of dress maintained in public. They must not openly, or in a public places, do any thing that is considered insulting, insensible, insensitive or contrary to the Muslims faith and taste. For instance, they should not wear crosses, set up crosses in their public areas, hanging pictures or statues that are against Islamic faith and principles


Those readers who interested in a detailed account of rules , regulations and principles of dealing with non-Muslims residing in a Islamic governed country , who are called : “ AHLUTH-THIM-MAH” may refer to the book in Arabic entitled :” AHKAMU AHLITH-THIM-MAH”, authorized by Ibn –ul-Qay-yium

This book is reached, authentic and explicit for all they rights that this group enjoys, and all what is required from them in return as well