[أم سفيان]

In the Name of Allāh, the Extremely Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy

Imām as-Sa`dī, may Allāh have mercy upon him, said:¹

Fiqh is knowledge of the subsidiary legislative rulings with their evidences from the Book and the Sunnah, scholarly consensus and correct qiyās (analogical deduction).

The Five Rulings

1. al-Wājib [Obligatory]: It is that which the one who performs it is rewarded, and the one who leaves it is punished.

2. al-Harām [Forbidden]: It is the complete opposite [of al-Wājib]. [The one who performs it is liable to punishment, and the one who leaves it is rewarded].

3. al-Makrūh [Disliked]: It is that which the one who leaves it is rewarded, and the one who performs it is not punished.

4. al-Masnūn [Prescribed from Sunnah]: It is the complete opposite [of al-Makrūh]. [The one who performs it is rewarded, and the one who leaves it is not punished].

5. al-Mubāh [Permissible]: It is that which performing it and abandoning it are equal.

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Translated by Umm Sufyaan Faatimah

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[1] Imām `Abdur-Rahmān as-Sa`dī, Manhaj as-Sālikīn wa Tawdīh al-Fiqh fī ad-Dīn, p9-10.