Essential Rights – Sheikh Mohammad Saleh Al'Othaimeen - Rahima-hullaah

[Umm Mohammad]

The Right of the Husband and the Wife

Marriage tie have great impact and significance in any given society all over the old. It is, in the first place, a tremendous bond that ties the husband and the wife. As a result of this blond, many rights and requirements are imposed on both, towards each other, their children, their in-laws, their relatives and their social obligations. As financial relation is also established, this, at times, might strain the ties between the spouses. Moreover, there are certain physical the rights that constituted for both spouses as a result of the martial relationship. All these items, and more, are properly addressed in the light of Islam, the religion of Allah, the Almighty, and in accordance with the practices of Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam. Such obligations ties and relationships are, at its best, accord with Islam, as will be discussed herein. This coincides with the pure, innate and human nature of man who is eager to lead a sensible, meaningful, affectionate, emotionally sound, physically comforting and spiritually meaningful life

Both husband and wife must commit themselves fully to each other in the light of Islam, or for this matter, in light of the requirements of pure human nature. Both must be kind, good, sincere, affectionate, caring, polite, respectful and generous to each other. Each will constitute a half in martial relation. Therefore, each must bear the responsibilities of his share. Each must honour this tie, be pleasant to their companion and offer the utmost possible to make the relation lasting, pleasing, meaningful and coherent

Allah, the Almighty, stated in the glorious Quran concerning the treatment of one’s spouse, the wife in particular:

“On the contrary live with them on a footing of kindness and equity. If ye take dislike to them it may hat ye dislike a thing, and God brings about through it deal of good.” 4:19

Perfection , of course , belongs to Allah , the Almighty, Many times , one finds defects in the relationship one has with friend, associate ,a partner ,teacher , a tremendously important to both individuals. It is, therefore, necessary to bear some inconveniences for the sake of generally good and everlasting relationship. That is why Islam, as a way of life, imposes practical principles upon its followers

On the other hand, Islam offers man an edge in the relationship due to the fact that man, in general, has better discipline, more logical judgment, less emotion and different position in society all over the world from primitive societies to most advanced, technical and industrial societies. Also man generally has a better income, which makes him more financially responsible for welfare of his family members, as it is the case all over the world. Man is, in general the “bread- winner” of the family and t times subjects his life and body to terrible dangers to perform a skilled job that requires a lot of sacrifice .For these reasons and many more, Allah, the Almighty stated in the glorious Quran concerning man’s edge in the martial relation

“And women shall have rights similar to the rights against them, according to what is equitable; but men have degree.” 2:228

We know that woman is equal to man in all religious rights, as it is well explained in the glorious Quran and the Sunah practices of Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam. There are only minor differences between male and female rights in accordance to Islam, such as inheritance, authority, testimonies, Code of dress and other things to be discussed in a separate book

Woman must offer her husband what he is entitled, and man must offer his wife what she is entitled based on the mutual fruitful relationship they have established in accordance with Islam. Truly, if both parties live up to these standards, both will be extremely happy, and society will become better and more pleasant. When both parties , or even one , fails to abide to these rules, a miserable life the household in general will prevail , as the unhappiness of parents will be reflected on the entire family. Both husband and wife will become unhappy, unproductive, unbearable and miserable if they do not appreciate the rights of each other and live by them

Islam greatly emphasized that man must be kind to woman , in general , ,whether it be a wife , a mother , a sister, a daughter , an aunt , a grandmother , a niece or even someone unrelated to him. Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam, said: “Be kind to woman, woman have been created from bent rib. The most dent of the rib is its top. If you try to straighten that dent you will break it. If you left it alone it remains as is. Therefore, be as kind, nice and good to women as you could”. This Hadith is reported by both Bukhari and Muslim

Muslim reported a similar Hadith saying: “Woman has been created from (man’s) rib. That rib is bent somewhat. If you attempt to straighten the dent you will never be able to do so. Therefore, you may enjoy your relation with the woman with understanding that she has a dent (i.e. minor defects). If you attempt to correct the dent, you will break the relationship, which means you break the marriage and the martial relations between both.”

Muslims also reported another statement of Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam saying: “A believing Muslim husband must not hate his believing Muslim wife (and break the marriage relation ties) If a husband dislikes one thing of his wife, (let him remember) he likes other things and points in her character

The prophet, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam in the previous statements, guides, teaches and establishes the way that the woman should be treated and dealt with. This is meant for all the Muslims Ummah regardless of social; status. No one person on the face of Earth , with the exception of the prophets and Messengers of Allah, Almighty , is infallible .Although the prophets themselves claimed that they may commit minor mistakes in terms of worldly things other than divine revelation descended to them by Allah, the almighty, from heaven. Perfection is a relative term. Man should accept his mate as is. Woman also should accept her husband as is. Both must exert every effort to improve one another. But they must remember that both are entitled to certain specific rights that Islam has established for them and they should enjoy. On the other hand, Islam imposed certain requirements from both that they must also fulfil. If both accept each other on these premises, the family will enjoy a healthy atmosphere and they will lead splendid, wonderful and very happy life under the umbrella of Islam

We can vividly notice how Islam again and again coincides with the natural, innate nature of a man. Man desires a happy, flowery, rosy, cosy, neat and nice home with most beloved person to him, or her, after the love of the creator, the prophet and parents. Islam urges both the husband, in the first place, to be extremely kind, keen and nice in his relationship with his spouse and provide her with all due rights imposed unto him by Allah, the Almighty. And the teachings of Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam. Similarly , the woman is expected to do the same , and obey her husband as long as he respects her , fulfils her rights, makes her feel loved, cared for and wanted , and does not impose any unlawful or illegal things upon her

That is Islam. There is nothing else that matches its innate quality

The Rights of the Wife upon her Husband

The wife is naturally entitled for food, clothing, housing and other related items with expenses to be born by the husband. This natural right has been given by Allah, the almighty, to the wife based on the verse from the glorious Quran

“The mothers shall give suck to their offspring for two whole years, if the father desires to complete the term. But he shall bear the cost of their food and clothing on equitable terms.” 2: 233

Moreover, Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said: “(Wives) are entitled for food and clothing from their husbands in equitable terms.” Also the prophet, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam was once asked: “What is the right of the wife unto her husband?” He, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said: “ she is entitled for the same food you eat , offer her clothing whatever you buy yourself clothes, do not hit her on the face , do not insult her and do not abandon her unless you do so in the same house ( under the same roof). “ This Hadith is reported by Abu Dawood

Similarly, other rights to which the wife entitled is to be treated justly and fairly in case of multiple marriages. In such case the husband must be fair and just too both wives, treat them fairly in terms of expenditure, housing, time and all other items of which the husband is capable. Being biased or even inclinated and preferring one wife over the other is considered one of the major sins in Islam in the sight of Allah, the Almighty. Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said: “If a man married two wives and preferred one over the other, he will come on the Day of the Judgment with a distinctly slanted side of his body.” This Hadith is reported by Imam Ahmed and reporters of the book of Sunan.

Man , as the husband , however , will not held responsible or accountable for things that he has no control over, such as love , affection and self comfort . Allah, the Almighty stated in the glorious Quran

“You are never able to be fair and just as between women, even if it is your ardent desire: But turn not away (from a woman) altogether, so as to leave her (as it were) hanging (in the air). “ 4:129

It is also reported that Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam used to divide things amongst his wives fairly and equally, and then saying: “O Allah! This is the fair distribution that I can do best in accordance to my abilities. O Allah! Please blame me not for what you own and I do not own (i.e. the acts of the here in terms of love and affection.”) This Hadith is reported by Abu Dawood, Tirmithe, Ibn Majah and Nasaiee.

However, if a husband preferred one wife over another in terms of spending the night with, based on the approval and acceptance of the other wife, then in such a case, there is no harm. That, in fact , was the case with Aisha and Swadah , two of his wives , may Allah be pleased with them , when Sawdah agreed to grant her night to Aisha, Radhi Allahu Anha toward the end of the life of the prophet, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam. Yet, when the prophet, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam, became very ill, he continuously asked: “Where shall be tomorrow (i.e. in whose house)?” All his wives agreed to let him stay at the house of Aisha where he wanted to be until his death, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam.” This Hadith was reported by both Bukhari and Muslim

The Right of the Husband Upon the Wife

The rights of the husband upon his wife are greater than the rights of the wife upon her husband for the simple reason that Allah, the Almighty, stated in the glorious Quran

“And women shall have rights similar to the rights against them, according to what is equitable; but men have a degree.” 2:228

Man is the care-taker of his wife and house hold. He is responsible for all the affairs. He is responsible for training, direction and discipline in needed. Allah, the Almighty stated in the glorious Quran

“Men are the protectors of women, because God has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because they support them from their means.” 4:34

It is an essential right of man over his wife to be obeyed so long as his commands don not conflict or contradict the commands of Allah, the Almighty, Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam, and the general teachings and codes of ethics of Islam. A Muslim wife must also protect her husband‘s secrets and privacies. She also must protect his wealth, finance and belongings as much as possible. Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said:” If I were to command a single person to bow in prostration to an other person, I could have commanded a women to bow down (in obedience and respect, not in worship) to her husband.” Furthermore , Allah’s Apostle , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam, said : “If a husband calls his wife to his bed , but the latter refused to fulfil the call (for any reason other than a lawful one), which drives the man become upset with his wife, then angles will curse such a wife until she gets up in the morning.” Both Hadith are reported by both Bukhari and Muslim

Another right of the husband over his wife is that husband asks his wife not to do something, including, but not limited to voluntary acts of worship, other than obligatory, which cause her to lesson the time that her husband may have to enjoy her. Allah’s Apostle , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam stated :” A wife is not allowed to observe fast ( other than fasting in the month Ramadan , the prescribed month for fasting) in the presence of her husband, unless she has his permission, She may not allow any one to come into his house , unless he permits.” This Hadith is reported by Tirmithee, who said: “It is a sound and fair Hadith

Moreover, Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam placed the satisfaction and pleasure of a husband to be one of the reasons to enable the wife to enter paradise. Tirmithee reported from Ummu Salamah, the mother of the believers, Radhi Allahu Anha, that Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said: “Any woman whose husband dies while he is pleased, happy and satisfied with her (acts, attitudes and behaviour) will enter Jannah

There are but few items of the many rights that Islam, the religion of truth, imposes upon those who commit themselves to follow and practices it as a way of life

We vividly see that such rights, if maintained properly, will lead a society to peace, happiness and tranquillity. A husband becomes caring, affectionate, loving and responsible, yet directing and capable and discipline when needed to improve a trouble some situation, regardless of his tender care and love for his wife, so that vise and wickedness will not spread in the society, A wife becomes more respected, adored, cared for, highly needed and appreciated if she respects the rights of her husband and equally given the rights she is entitled for by Islam

In such a coherent way, the religion of truth, goodness, justice, equity, and all fairness coincide with basic requirements of life including harmony between all the members of the society, especially between husband and the wife

[Umm Mohammad]

The Rights of the Governors and the People

Governors or rulers are all those who are responsible for any organization in the government , regardless of its size or importance, Any person who is in charged with certain affairs in an Islamic state is considered a responsible for his authority and must maintain an excellent , honest and smooth operation thereof. People who work with such an authorized person are entitled to certain rights that must be maintained, honored and never overlooked

The essential rights of people upon their governors are the assurance of their active role in fulfilling all positive aspects of their entrusted responsibility. They must demonstrated loyalty to their people, sincere advice, honest judgment and proper guidance following the straight path of the prophet, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam, and his rightly guided companions who led the Muslim Amah to great success and victory. In fact, this path fulfill both worldly pleasure and sound relationship with the Lord, Almighty that guarantees a sound position in the hereafter. Rulers must strive to follow the straight Path of the believers assuring happiness in both worlds and the pleasure of the people as well. This Path also assures the obedience of the people to their rulers, the fulfillment of their commands and directions and the protections of their trust. It is indeed a general rule that he who fears the Lords, Allah, the Almighty, the people will like him and fear him as well. It is also a general rule that he who attempt to please Allah, the Almighty will be able to please his people, as the hearts of all people are in the Hands of Allah, the Almighty, and He, the Almighty steers the way He, the Almighty likes

As for the rights of the governors upon the people, the governors must offer them the best possible advice in their general and private affairs. They must remind them to do their best in everything they do. They must pray Allah, the Almighty, to keep them on the straight path if the governors deviated from this path. They must obey their commands as long as these commands do not conflict with the teachings of Islam and the commands of Allah, the Almighty, and His prophet, in particular. If the governed people elected to disobey the commands of their governors / leaders, great chaos and a state of confusion and disorder may spread within the society. Therefore, for this very reason, Allah, the Almighty, required the general public to obey the commands and instructions of their leaders. Allah, the Almighty stated in the glorious Quran

“O ye who believe! Obey God, and obey the Apostle, and those charged with authority among you”. 4:59

Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam is reported to have said: ”A Muslim individual must listen and obey the commands (of the governors / leader) regardless if he/ she liked or disliked such a command as long as the commands does not conflict with the clear verse of the glorious Quran or an authentic statements of the Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam, then he/she does not have to listen or obey such an order or command from his leaders.” This Hadith is reported by both Bukhari and Muslim

Abdullah bin Omar, Radhi Allahu Anhu reported also that: “Once we were traveling along with Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam. At one point during the journey, we dismounted our animals for rest. A man who was delegated by Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam announced the call fro the congregational prayer. We gathered around Allah’s Apostle , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam who said: “ There was never a Prophet of Allah , the Almighty , who was commissioned as a Prophet and Messenger of Allah, the Almighty, except that it was made obligatory unto him to guide his nation to the best matters he was taught and warn them of the worst matters that he was aware, Your nation is cured from such diseases in the first generation of early Muslim . However, later generation will be afflicted with many problems no matter that you know not. A believer then said: “This affliction will wipe me out.” Afflictions however come one after the other. Another believer will say: “May-be this affliction will wipe me out.” He whosever likes to be removed from the fire and enter the paradise of Allah, the Almighty , let him face His lord in a state of full faith complete belief in the Day of Judgment .Let such a believer do to others what he likes others to do unto him. If a believer commits him self to a leader, offering him his pledge of allegiance, and the fruit of his heart (belief in him), let him obey such governor / leader. If such a governor threatened by removed from authority by force, let such a remover be beheaded (by you committed believers who gave their pledge of allegiance to the existing governor.” This Hadith is reported by Muslim

In another hadith, a man asked Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam: “O prophet of Allah! What if we were governed by leaders who demand their rights (obedience, respect, loyalty) but deny our rights (freedom of worship, speech, voting, education?) what do you command us to do in such a case? Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam turned away from the man and did not give him an answer. The same man persisted and again asked the same question .Upon that, Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said: “Listen ( to your leaders) and obey them . They will be responsible for what you do.” This hadith is reported by Muslim

The general public must assist their governors in achieving their missions and fulfilling their tasks and duties. Each and every citizen must know the importance of his role in the society, and consequently in the government in general. If individuals fail to realize their duties and responsibilities, the situation will turn into chaos and confusion again. Similarly, if the governors are not properly assisted by their constituents, confusion within the society will increase

It is only natural to have the commitment of the people and public for the administration to lead a decent government. Islam requires the full support of the general public for the governor. We can vividly see this in the various text of the glorious Quran and the Sunah practices and statements of Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam

This proves that Islam agrees with the intelligent rules of nature, as nature is created, governed, ruled and organized by the same Creator Who created man and knows what benefits man and what harms him. Islam is the religion of the pure, innate nature that helps man leads a very stable, clean, organized and intelligent life

[Umm Mohammad]

The Right of Neighbor

A neighbor is a relatively close individual, at least in the location. A neighbor enjoys a tremendous right in Islam. Islam places neighbors into three categories

1- A neighbor who enjoys three rights
a) The rights of a neighbor
b) The right of a relative, if he / she are related
c) The rights of Islam, if that person is a Muslim, a brother in faith and belief

2- A neighbor who enjoys two rights:
a) The rights of a neighbor,
b) The rights of Islam, if that person is a Muslim, a brother in faith and belief.

3- A neighbor who enjoys one right:
a) The rights of a neighbor.

All neighbors fall under one of these three categories. In fact, Allah, the Almighty stated in the glorious Quran

“ Serve God, and join not any partners with Him; and do good to parents, kinfolks, orphans, those in need, neighbors who are near , neighbors who are strangers , the companion by your side, the wayfarer ( ye meet) , and what your right hands possess.”4:36

Moreover , Allah’s Apostle , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam says “ (Arch Angel) Gabriel , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam, pressed on reminding me with the right of the neighbor until I thought he is going to consider him an heir - of mine) This Hadith is reported by both Bukhari and Muslim

A neighbor is entitled to best treatment and respect from his own neighbor regardless of the cost of such items. Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam stated in another Hadith: “The best of neighbor s in the sight of Allah, the Almighty, is the one who is best to his neighbor” This Hadith is reported by Tirmithee

Let us examine other Hadith : “ He whosever believes in Allah’s Apostle , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam and the final Day of Judgment must be good to his neighbor.” This Hadith is reported by Muslim. Of course, this hadith is self-explanatory as it ties in good faith and strong belief with the state of being good to one’s own neighbors. This is an act of high consideration to the social ties in society as the neighborhood represents an essential nucleus or part of the society at large. Islam does not neglect such important rights of immediate neighbors who at, at times becomes closer than relatives or the distant family members. One may see his neighbors more than he sees his family members. In terms of pressing needs and things that require prompts attention and immediate help, assistance or solutions, a distant relative or far away family member would be helpless and may be useless. A neighbor is close and comes immediately to the rescue of his needy neighbor would be of tremendous help and value. This is one of the reasons why Islam capitalizes on the ties and relationship of neighbors

Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said:” if you make soup, increase the broth, and pass a bowl to your neighbor.” This Hadith is reported by Muslim. This Hadith shows the importance of good relations with our neighbors, and at the same time strengthen ties and relations with neighbors

A little occasional gift, a small symbolic present, on various occasions will also strengthen ties and relationships between neighbors. Islam urges believers to be kind, generous to their own neighbors

One of the essential rights of a neighbor is to cause no physical, mental or spiritual harm to him. Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said: “By Allah, one will not become a full believer, by Allah, one will nor become!” the companions, Radhi Allahu Anhuma said: “Who is that. O Prophet of Allah”? He, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said “He whose neighbor cannot feel save of his ill deeds and bad actions.” This Hadith is reported by Muslim

This Hadith reflects the importance of being good, kind, nice and caring for your neighbors at large. Such an act enables man to assure himself of being on the right track for paradise; otherwise, one will be subjecting his soul to torture in Hellfire

It is very unfortunate to notice nowadays that many neighbors do not really care for the welfare and the well being of their neighbors neither physically, mentally or spiritually. They may be at constant fight, harassment, disturbance and nag to them. They might step on their own natural rights as humans and society members. They might neglect them, bother them and not offer them the least human courtesy

Islam urges its followers to maintain such an essential rights of a neighbor, encourages and maintain it, reward it, threatens with a serve punishment for trespassing and makes it a viable, vital and extremely important right

The best social system on the Earth, the most exhaustive and comprehensive rules and regulations and the strictest political system cannot reach the level of Islam in this regard for the simplest fact that Islam is set forth for human society at large by the Creator of all mankind, Who Knows best what benefits man or harms him. That is the law of innate nature that Allah, the Almighty, created man for

[Umm Mohammad]

The Right of the Muslim

The rights of the Muslims are many, varied, diversified and vital in accordance with the teachings of Islam. Many of these rights are documented as sound, accurate and authentically reported from Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam. The general rights are for the welfare and well being of Muslims at large. They are instituted for a better society, much improved social relations, stronger ties and better citizenship in all

It is soundly and authentically reported of Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam: “There are six general rights of a Muslim individual upon his Muslim brethren. They are

a) Greet him when you see him

b) Respond, accept and fulfill his invitation

c) Offer him the best advice you have, if sought

d) Say” Yarhakmoka Allah” (May Allah, the Almighty be merciful to you) if one sneezes before you

e) Pay him a visit if he gets ill, and

f) Follow his funeral to his final place of rest (burial)

The aforementioned Hadith illustrated six (6) general and vital rights of a Muslim upon his general common Muslim brethren. Greetings, for instance, is one of the most important social issues for a better society. According to Islam, greeting is an emphasized practice of the prophet, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam which every one is urged, encouraged and rewarded if fulfilled. This demonstrates how Islam, as a way of life, coincides with the natural human innate nature of man. It increases ties between people. It strengthens love, respect and appreciations of one another. It assures that people are not enemies and do not deserve to be treated as such. It creates a general atmosphere of peace, trust and tranquility amongst people. It removes hatred, mistrust and fears of one another from the hearts, minds and lives of people. It makes people feel that they have a special, true sense of belonging to one another, unlike other selfish, individualized and narrow -minded people in society

It is reported of Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam: “By Allah, the Almighty, you (all) will not enter Jannah until you become true believers. And you will not become true believers until you like each other. Should I tell about something, if you apply in your life, you will love one another?! Spread the proper, meaningful and truthful greetings amongst each other.” This hadith was reported by Muslim

Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam himself used to offer the greetings first to whomever he met on the road, in the mosque or else where. He, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam even offered the greeting to the children playing in the streets whenever passing by

It is also reported of Allah's Apostle, Sallalaahu Alaihi wa Sallam however, that the younger should offer the greetings to the old, the few to the many, the riding person to the sitting one. However, if such a person did not fully abide by the practices of the prophet, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam, the other party should offer the greeting instead, so Sunah of the prophet, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam is not neglected or not respected

‘Ammar bin Yasser, Radhi Allahu Anhu said: “It should maintain three things that will assure complete faith in Allah, the Almighty, namely: (1) Justify others and give them what they are entitled, even though it may be against one’s soul. (2) Offer greetings to all people, those whom you know and those whom you don not know, and (3) Be generous to others even if you sure poor”. This statement reported by Bukhari

We should also remember that offering the greetings to the others is an act of Sunnah (voluntary act) whereby performing the act will be rewarded, but not performing the act will not be punished. However, to return a similar greeting to the person offering the greetings is an obligatory act to the person in accordance to Islam. It suffices, however, that one or a few in a large group returns the greetings to them. There is no harm if done this way Allah’ the Almighty stated in the glorious Quran

“When a (courteous) greetings offered you, meet it with a greeting still more courteous or (at least) of equal courtesy. God takes careful account of all things.” 4:86

There are, however some incorrect, inaccurate, and inappropriate practices in terms of returning the Muslims courteous greeting and responding to it. For instants, one must not use a common phrase such as “Welcome” Ahlan Wasahlan! Marabhaba “in response to the Islamic greetings of “As-Salamu ‘Alaikum Wa Rahamatul-Lahi Wa Barakatuh. The returned greeting should be similar, or better, than the one offered it in terms of prayer and supplication

B) Respond, accept and fulfill an invitation

One would not, normally, invite another person to his home, meal , food and so on , unless he really cares for him and likes his company , unless otherwise there are some hidden unforeseen reasons for so doing, which exceptional

Accepting an honest invitation is an emphasized act of Sunnah. It satisfies the person who invites, it strengthen social ties between Muslim individuals, families, friends and groups and, all in all, improves ties amongst people at large. The exception to this rule is the marriage or wedding party dinner which is confirmed only in certain conditions were fulfilled , for example , the invitation must be given properly and in due time to enable the invitee to plan his agenda to attend the ample time should be given to fit that invitation in the invitee’s schedule . The inviter must be committed to Islamic faith, rules and regulations and customs. The inviter must not be a type whose company should be neglected in the first place due to indecent acts, illegal practices or unlawful acts he maintains. For example, if one if known to be a drinking person, fornicator, adultery, gambler, not a straight person, or in general, condones any immoral and unethical practices in his life, he must be avoided Also, the inviter must be known to earn a lawful income and finally the party must not condone, promote or offer any illegal or unlawful items or acts. For instance, if one is invited to a party where he knows music will be played , a mixed gathering of men and women will be condoned , drinks will be offered openly must be avoided. In an Islamic setting, and if things of that sort are practiced openly or even condoned, then the invitation in such a case is not compulsory

The fulfillment of a Muslim pure, honest and sincere invitation is based on the statement of Allah’s apostle , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam : “ He , whosever does not fulfill such invitation will be committing an act of disobedience to the commands of Allah, the Almighty , and Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam”. This Hadith is reported by both Bukhari and Muslim

The fulfillment of the invitation also is extended if a Muslim asked for help, assistance or aid in any form, shape or fashion, and the invitee is capable of extending the helping hand m they must not hesitate to do so. Believers must exhibit loving, caring, courteous, sharing and strong ties amongst themselves. Islam requires such attitude from all committed believing individuals who attempt practice true and sound Islamic practices in an attempt to emulate the beloved prophet, Mohammed, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam who said: “A believer to another is like the bricks of a building. One strengthens and strongly holds the other tightly and firmly in place.” This Hadith is reported by both Bukhari and Muslim

C) Offer the best advice you have, if sought

It is crucial to offer a person who asks your honest opinion and advice, to offer the best advice you know or you can think of in his favor. This is an act of pure faith. A Muslim is obliged to offer the best advice to all those who seek advice. Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said: The religion ( in great part) is but a true sincere , ethical , pure and honest advice to Allah’s Apostle , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam, the Book of Allah , the Prophet of Allah , the Almighty , and to the general Muslim leaders , rulers and governors.” This Hadith is reported by Muslim

As for the Muslim person who does not seek your advice, but you notice that he might be harming himself in whatever he is doing, then it becomes your essential and obligatory duty to offer him suitable advice even if he did not ask for it. This act of a true committed Muslim is a reflection of his care for the welfare of Muslim in general, as well as. Reflects exhibits and demonstrated his social awareness, commitment and concern for a better society and social ties

D) Say:” Yarhamoka Allah” if one sneezes before you

If a Muslim sneezes before another Muslim, and praised Allah, the Almighty, to keep him alive, remove his harm and cure him from all his ailments, and then such a Muslim is entitled for a supplication. The Muslim who hears such the praise to Allah, the Almighty, must repeat the statement: “Yarhamukum Allah” (May Allah, the Almighty is merciful to you)” such statement of supplication must be offered to the person if he sneezed one, twice or three times in arrow. If such a person sneezes a fourth time, then it is an indication that they might be contracting a bad cold, allergy or something of that nature. Thus, the person who hears this and the praising of Allah, the Almighty must tell him: ‘ Afakum Allah ( May Allah , the Almighty , cure you

But, if the person sneezing does not audibly praise Allah, the Almighty , then they may not be entitled for such application , as he is not deserving of the mercy of Allah , the Almighty, because he did not praise Him in the first place

Offering this supplication phrase to a sneezing Muslim is , in fact an obligatory act upon Muslim individuals who hears the praise. On the other hand , the person sneezing must respond with an even nicer supplication as follows : “ Yahdeekum Allah, wa Yuslihu Balakum ( May Allah , the Almighty, guide you to the best deeds and acts , and give you the peace of mind and heart

In realty, such an act will increase concern amongst Muslim Individuals , and consequently, increase love and affection. It is interesting to see that some westerners, as well , agree with Muslims on this item. We often hear them saying to a person who has sneezed: “ Bless you,” seeking the blessing or may be cure for such an individual . This is one coincidence showing human nature is the same regardless of religious adherence and commitments. This is however, must be supported with real practice for the entire religion , as Islam is a wholesome religion that is practices in totality , not in a separate matters in life only

Muslim concern for the welfare and well-being of each other is ideal , for those who really commit themselves to true , sound and authentic Islamic practices

E) Pay a visit if he gets ill

A Muslim must visit an ill Muslim. The stronger the ties with an ill person, such as to be a close friend , a relative , a neighbor, am associate, a work colleague or even an acquaintance , the more such a visit is emphasized. An ill person will see that he is not left alone during this time of difficulty , pain and affliction. Moreover, a visitor ‘s faith grows stronger and deeper in Allah, the Almighty , who is the Only One Who is capable of causing illness, and capable of granting a cure. A healthy Muslim who pays a visit to an ill person shall feel the bounty of Allah, the Almighty. He will share some of the pain , lonesomeness and discomfort of the ill person. On the other hand , the visitor may offer the ill person some prayers, supplications , encouragement , moral support and good wishes for speedy recovery , things that an ill person really needs. This shows how Islam deals with real life issues. Diseases are not a curse upon man. They are only reminder with the power of the Almighty , they are times that make the individual closer to His Lord through the serve and painful tests undertaken in this stage of life

Visiting an ill person must relative to the patient’s situation. It should not be a burden and bother to the patient. It should vary in length , conversation and gifts in accordance to situation of the patient himself. It might be better fro the patient to have fewer visitors at one point or an other of his state of illness. The patient nay be required not to talk and socialize , or might be restricted from certain food items. All these cases must be observed by the visitors and instructions of treating physician must not be disrespected or violated regardless of the closeness to the patient

A Muslim who visits another Muslim ill person should briefly ask about the feelings of the ill person, offer him a prayer, supplication and good wishes, offer him some encouraging statements increasing the hope of the patient in speedy , full and permanent recovery , reminding him with the wonderful abilities of the Lord, the Almighty to cure the worst cases of diseases. This , in fact , gives the ill person a strong moral and spiritual push for speedy recovery. Negative remarks , particularly about death , should be avoided while visiting an ill person. A Muslim visitor must remind the ill person to maintain contact with Allah , the Almighty , during his stage of illness, as one is closer to His Lord while confined to bed, room or hospital. Therefore , it much recommended that such a person maintain intense , continuous and constant supplication and prayers during the illness

F) Follow his funeral to his final place (burial

Upon death of a Muslim , Muslims are urged , required and encouraged to follow the funeral of the deceased person. This act will rewarded by Allah, the Almighty. It is well-documented that Allah’s Apostle , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said :” He whosoever follow a funeral of a deceased Muslim until funeral prayer is offered unto it will be entitled for one “QUERAT” (Fold) of reward. And if one follows the funeral parade until it reaches its final destiny , to the grave yard where a deceased will buried , then such a person is entitled for two “QUERATS” ( Two folds).” When the prophet ,Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam was asked about the value of the querat , he said : “ It is like the size of a great mountain.” This Hadith is reported by both Bukhari and Muslim

An additional or seventh right to be observed is the avoidance of causing harm to others

It is an essential right of Muslims unto each other to stop any harm caused to him. Truly, harming other Muslims in any way , shape , form or fashion is a great sin that is punishable by Allah, the Almighty. Allah , the Almighty stated in the glorious Quran

“ And those who annoy believing men and women undeservedly , bear (on themselves) a calamity and a glaring sin.” 33:58

It is generally noted that people who attack Muslim and annoy them for no real reason will be punished in this world before the hereafter. Allah’s Apostle , Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam said: “ (O Muslims!) Do not hate each other . Do not split a part from each other. Let you all be like brethren. A Muslim individual is brother for his Muslim brethren . One must not oppress him , harass him, cause any harm to him, leave him alone in case of need or discern him. It suffices Muslim of evil acts to discern his fellow Muslim. Every thing a Muslim has, possesses or owns is unlawful for another Muslim to take away , strip or overtake by force or unlawful means from the owner, let this be blood, wealth or his clean reputation.” This Hadith is reported by Muslim

In fact, there are many other rights of a Muslim upon his Muslim brethren. These rights are being easily summed up with the statement of Allah’s Apostle, Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam: “The Muslim is a brethren to another Muslim.”One must seek all good and noble acts, deeds, attitude and behavior to be good, protective, considerate and kind to his Muslim brother. This is a thing that coincides with human nature, improves the of an individual, strengthen social, economical and humanitarians ties amongst people and makes a Muslim individual a better citizen all in all

[Umm Mohammad]

The Rights of Non-Muslims

Non-Muslim is a broad term that covers all those who are disbelievers in the faith and principles of Islam. These People are classified into four categories as follows

a) Warriors

b) Peace seekers

c) Peace truce holders

d) Non-Muslims living or residing in an Islamic governed country


In the following passages we shall attempts to give a brief account of each one of the above category


A) Warriors: This group is at constant war against Islam, in particular, and against all Muslims, regardless of creed, colour, geographical location, social status or other criteria


B) Peace Seekers: This group is entitled for Muslim Protection in accordance with the time and place specified and agreed upon by both parties for instance, peace seekers

Non-Muslim and peace grantors (governing Muslims). This is the based upon the statement from the glorious Quran

If one amongst the pagans ask thee asylum, grant it to him, so that he may hear the world of God; and then escort him to where he can be secure. That is because they are men without knowledge. 9:6

C) Peace Truce holders: Muslims must fulfil peace treaties made with this group of people in accordance with the terms and conditions of the treaties as long as these people did not breach their contract and did something contrary to the terms and conditions agreed upon both parties, did not assist a third party against Muslims, did not criticize the religion of Islam openly, or did any thing that make them loose their entitlement for the peace treaty with Muslims. This is, of course, is based on the statement of Allah, the Almighty, in the glorious Quran

But the treaties are) not dissolved with those pagans with whom ye have entered into alliance and who not subsequently failed in aught, nor aided any one against you. So fulfilled your engagements with them to the end of their term: for God loveth the righteous.” 9:4

Also the statement of Allah, the Almighty, in the glorious Quran

But if they oaths after covenant, and taunt you for your faith, fight ye the chiefs of Unfaith: For their oaths are nothing to them: That thus they may be restrained.” 9:21

D) Non-Muslims living, or residing in an Islamic governed country: This group has and enjoys the utmost rights upon Muslims. They are also required to practice certain things which dictated by Muslims righted unto them as well. In the first place, this group physically resides in as Islamic governed country and enjoy the protection, services all other things that Muslims themselves enjoy from Islamic government such as schooling, health care, road system, housing and all other major or minor services that Islamic government avails for its people. In fact this group enjoys all of the above due to the fact that they pay a special protection and services tax called “ JIZEH” or “ head tax” which is a tax imposed on Non-Muslim residing in Islamic country for this very purpose. This group, however, do not participate in fight or military operation operations if the protecting Islamic country has been threatened and a war is waged against its territories


Muslims governors must be fair and just to his group, in particular, and pass all judgments and sentences upon them on the basis of the true, accurate and precise Islamic jurisdictions in finance, economics, political or educational undertakings, and all other matters. A Muslim governor must establish capital or corporal punishment upon this group of people in accordance with the principles of their religious or divine laws. They should also enjoy every protection that is naturally extended to the Muslim citizens residing in the same country


Theoretically, and as it was practiced in the early Islamic generations, such group must be distinguished from Muslim by specific code of dress maintained in public. They must not openly, or in a public places, do any thing that is considered insulting, insensible, insensitive or contrary to the Muslims faith and taste. For instance, they should not wear crosses, set up crosses in their public areas, hanging pictures or statues that are against Islamic faith and principles


Those readers who interested in a detailed account of rules , regulations and principles of dealing with non-Muslims residing in a Islamic governed country , who are called : “ AHLUTH-THIM-MAH” may refer to the book in Arabic entitled :” AHKAMU AHLITH-THIM-MAH”, authorized by Ibn –ul-Qay-yium

This book is reached, authentic and explicit for all they rights that this group enjoys, and all what is required from them in return as well